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Works

The Clock and the Camshaft: And Other Medieval Inventions We Still Can't Live Without

This history of medieval inventions, focusing on the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries, vividly portrays a thriving era of human ingenuity--and the results are still being felt to this day. From the mechanical clock to the first eyeglasses, both of which revolutionized society, many of the commonplace devices we now take for granted had their origin in the Middle Ages. Divided into ten thematic chapters, the accessible text allows the reader to sample areas of interest or read the book from beginning to end for a complete historical overview. A chapter on the paper revolution shows that innovations in mill power enabled the mass production of cheap paper, which was instrumental in the later success of the printing press as a means of disseminating affordable books to more people. Another chapter examines the importance of Islamic civilization in preserving ancient Greek texts and the role of translation teams in Sicily and Spain in making those texts available in Latin for a European readership. A chapter on instruments of discovery describes the impact of the astrolabe, which was imported from Islamic lands, and the compass, originally invented in China; these tools plus innovations in ship building spurred on the expansion of European trade and the later age of discovery at the time of Columbus. Complete with original drawings to illustrate how these early inventions worked, this guided tour through a distant era reveals how medieval farmers, craftsmen, women artisans, and clerical scholars laid the foundations of the modern world.

The Day Without Yesterday: Lemaître, Einstein and the Birth of Modern Cosmology

Lemaître convinced Einstein’s generation that the universe was in fact expanding according to the field equations Einstein himself laid out in 1917. He is credited with first positing the idea of a temporal and spatial origin to the cosmos, in a “primeval atom” theory of a superdense cosmic nucleus from which the universe expanded—what later became the Big Bang theory. He also developed the "dust" solution, modifying the work of Karl Schwarzchild, which allowed later astrophysicists to model black holes. He was in fact the first physicist to combine training in Einstein’s theory with a rigorous background in astronomy and astrophysics, allowing him to test, before anyone else, the true cosmic implications of the general theory of relativity.
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